Note
: Section I is compulsory & Section
II solve any six questions :
Section I
CASE STUDY:
No
Minor Offence
Census data reveals high level of Under –
age marriages
Census statics are generally full of surprises. But this one is
startling : 6.4 million Indians under
the age of 18 are already married. That’s not all. As many as 1.3 lakh girls
under 18 are widowed and another 56,000 are divorced or separated. The legal
marriageable age for women is 18, for men 21. A century and a half after
Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar’s crusade
against child marriage, the practice persists. Obviously, the Child Marriage
Restraint Act, 1929, exists only on paper and has not been able to deter parents from marrying off
under –aged sons and daughters. The incidence is understandably higher in rural
areas, but not low as expected in the cities. It’s more common in the BIMARU
states, with Rajasthan leading the way Ironically, the Act renders all
under-age marriages illegal but not void, which means that an illegally married
couple can stay married . It is, therefore, violated with impunity and hardly
anyone is ever hauled up. Despite the fact that child marriage is a criminal
offence, action is rarely taken by the police. Even civil society remains a
passive spectator. There’s not enough penalty-a fine of Rs.1,000 and
imprisonment up to three shows that the state does not view the crime
seriously.
The
practice is linked to the curse of dowary. “Chhota Chhora dhhej kam mangta” (
the younger the groom, the smaller the dowry demand) justifies many such
alliances. The grimmest part of the scenario is the physical havoc that early
marriage wreaks upon girls who are too
young to bear the burden of maternal and child mortality. There is also
the belief that a daughters’ marriage is
a scared obligation that parents must
fulfill at the earliest. A new legislation, Prevention of Child marriages Bill,
2004, to replace the loophole-ridden 1929 Act is awaiting parliament’s
approval. But legislation alone is not enough. Compulsory registration of
marriages is one way of tackling the problem. Creating awareness about the
ill-effects of such marriages and mobilizing committed social workers to
intervence are others. However, social workers have to often function in
hostile conditions. The 1992 case of Bhanwari Devi, the Rajasthan saathin who
was raped for preventing a child marriage, is chilling. In the end only
education, economic security and increasing empowerment of women can eliminate
the problem.
Questions
1. Discuss ethically the drawbacks you find
in the under-age marriages?
2. How does the increasing empowerment of
women help eliminate problems if this type?
Section II
Solve any six questions :
Q2.
a) What is moral hazards and why is it important?
b) What is emergent strategy?
Q3.
a) What are the objectives of a business, and which is the most
important?
b) How many steps are there in the decision making process and what are
they?
Q4.
a) What CSR issues exist for NFPs?
b) What measures of performance are typically used by these
organization?
Q5.
a) How globalization effect CSR?
b) Is globalization threat for CSR?
Q6.
a) Why is the measurement of performance important?
b) What is ISO14000 and what factors does it cover?
Q7.
a) What are the responsibilities of business in their corporate
decision?
b) What is the relationship between CSR and corporate behavior?
Q8.
a) What are the 4 factors of sustainability?
b) What are the factors of distributable sustainability?
Q9.
a) What justification does
stakeholder Theory use for considering stakeholder?
b) What are the step involved in the incorporation of environmental
accounting into the risk evaluation system of an organization?
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